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Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which was brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, has had a significant negative influence on our environment and exposed health-care personnel to a new level of risk. Very few studies have addressed the disturbances in the sleep quality of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Aim and Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to examine the sleep quality of frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in northern Kerala. Material(s) and Method(s): Healthcare workers belonging to a tertiary care center were invited to participate in the study. An online questionnaire including sociodemographics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and Insomnia severity index was used to evaluate sleep disturbances in healthcare workers. Univariate and bivariate analysis of the results were done to identify the predictors of poor sleep quality. Result(s): A total of 250 frontline healthcare workers were enrolled in the study, out of which 243 participants provided usable responses. About 27.6% of health workers showed features of poor sleep quality. The prevalence rate of poor sleep quality was highest among nurses, 55.2% followed by doctors and ambulance drivers, 22.4% and 11.9%, respectively. About 17.7% of the study population had subthreshold insomnia and 1.2% had clinical insomnia of moderate intensity. Conclusion(s): The prevalence of poor sleep quality is high among healthcare workers confronting COVID pandemic. This study emphasizes the need to implement specific protective measures for maintaining the sleep quality and decreasing stress among frontline health care workers during pandemics.Copyright © 2023, Mr Bhawani Singh. All rights reserved.
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Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the constant transformation of the SARS-COV-2 virus form, exposure to substantial psychosocial stress, environmental change, and isolation have led to the inference that the overall population's mental health could be affected, resulting in an increase in cases of psychosis. Objective(s): We initiated a systematic review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its long-term effects-in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases-on people with or without psychosis. We envisioned that this would give us an insight into effective clinical intervention methods for patients with psychosis during and after the pandemic. Method(s): We selected fifteen papers that met our inclusion criteria, i.e., those that considered participants with or without psychiatric illness and exposed to SARS-COV-2 infection, for this review and were retrieved via Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO Database. Key Gap: There is a dearth of research in understanding how COVID-19 affects people with or without a prior personal history of psychosis. Result(s): The systematic review summary provides insight into the state of knowledge. Insights from the systematic review have also been reviewed from the salutogenesis model's perspec-tive. There is moderate evidence of new-onset psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in which some antipsychotics treated the psychotic symptoms of patients while treating for COVID-19. Suggestions and recommendations are made for preventive and promotive public health strategies. Conclusion(s): The Salutogenesis model and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) provide another preventive and promotive public health management approach.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Aim: Adolescents have experienced disruption in their daily routines, including changes in health behaviors such as an increased sedentary behavior and increased smartphone usage. The aim of this study was to assess the association of health behaviors with mental health problems. Method(s): Five cross-sectional surveys (February 2021 to May 2022) were performed during the pandemic assessing physical activity, smartphone usage, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9)), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7 (GAD-7)), sleep quality (Insomnia Severity Index 7 (ISI-7)), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10)). In total, N = 7201 adolescents (age: 14-20 years ((MW +/- SD): 16.63 +/- 1.49 years);70.2% female, 18.8% migration background) participated. Result(s): A strong increase in mobile phone usage as well as a decrease in physical activity as compared to pre-pandemic data were observed (p < 0.001). Compared to the lowest smartphone user group (<1 h/d), the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for depressive symptoms increased with increasing smartphone usage to 1.98 (3-4 h/d), 3.30 (5-6 h/d), 4.96 (7-8 h/d), and 6.79 (>8 h/d). High utilizers (>8 h/d) were also more likely to experience clinically relevant anxiety, insomnia, or stress symptoms (aORs 3.23-5.75) compared to those using the smartphone less than 1 h/d. Conclusion(s): Results highlight the need for measures to promote responsible smartphone usage as well as to increase physical activity, so as to promote mental health in adolescence.Copyright © 2023
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[Background] The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously affects the psychological status of medical staff who directly face the risk of the disease. [Objective] This study investigates the prevalence and related factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Methods] From February 13 to March 1, 2020, a network questionnaire survey was conducted among 482 medical staff selected by convenience sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic demographic information and COVID-19-related questions. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among the medical staff. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed with PHQ-9 score, GAD-7 score, and ISI score as dependent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (forward-conditional method) on depression, anxiety, and insomnia as dependent variables was performed with basic demographic information and COVID-19-related questions as independent variables. [Results] Among the surveyed medical staff, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were 14.3%, 11.2%, and 23.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence rates among different age, gender, local risk level, and occupation groups and those aiding Hubei Province or not. The medical staff who directly contacted fever or diagnosed patients had more serious depression (b=1.73, 95%CI: 0.79-2.66) and insomnia (b=2.43, 95%CI: 1.48-3.39) and a higher risk of insomnia (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.21-2.96). The medical staff whose current protective measures cannot prevent infection had more serious depression (b=1.72, 95% CI: 0.65-2.80), anxiety (b=1.75, 95% CI: 0.76-2.75), and insomnia (b=1.73, 95% CI: 0.63-2.82), and had a higher risk of depression (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.11-3.49), anxiety (OR=3.00, 95%CI: 1.64-5.46), and insomnia (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.08-2.96). [Conclusion] During the COVID-19 epidemic, the risks of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among selected medical staff are increased compared with the non-epidemic period. Occupational exposure to high-risk groups and protective measures would significantly affect mental health of medical staff.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Working on an ICU ward is considered a physical as well as mentally challenging profession which has already been objectified by multiple studies in the past. When the Covid-19 pandemic started, medical staff were suddenly exposed to even greater levels of stress not only at work but also due to social restrictions. Our primary aim of this cross-sectional study is to observe the evolution in time of the impact on mental health during as well as after the pandemic. Method(s): In this cross-sectional study the mental health of our ICU nursing staff (n = 18) was monitored over a period of 26 months by using validate questionnaires for anxiety, depression, insomnia and post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia severity index (ISI) and the revised version of the Impact of Event Severity scale (IES-r). In total it entailed 4 surveys during the pandemic and one follow up survey 6 months after. Result(s): Regarding GAD7 and ISI, ICU nurses did not score significantly at the beginning nor the end of this study. IES scores started off at 18 which is just below significant but 35% had a score associated with developing PTSD. These scores remained relatively high throughout the pandemic but saw a mean downward trend at the end (p = 0.338). Mean PHQ-9 scores were initially at the level of minimal depression and rose to be classified as mild depression at the end of the pandemic. In the follow-up survey scores dropped back to minimal depression. In time, the PHQ-9 test was not withheld as significant (p = 0.298). Conclusion(s): It is evident that the results presented in our study show that ICU nurses are prone to developing mental health problems during times of increased workload and stress and in particular the development of PTSD remained high in some subjects. Although there was a slight decrease in our follow-up survey, we believe mental health should be closely followed upon in the future.
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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) directly or indirectly involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment process may experience severe mental consequences of the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of HCWs in hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Material(s) and Method(s): This cross-sectional study was performed on 503 HCWs from five hospitals in Shiraz, including one COVID-19 front-line hospital, two COVID-19 second-line hospitals, and two without COVID-19 wards. Then, to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among HCWs, the Persian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) questionnaires were placed, respectively. Result(s): The mean age of participants was 33.94+/-8.26 years, and 252 (50.1%) were females. Anxiety, depression, insomnia, and moderate to high levels of PTSD were observed in 40.4%, 37.8%, 24.5%, and 71% of participants, respectively. A history of mental disorders was associated with all four outcomes (P<0.05). Females gender and living with elderly and/or children were correlated with anxiety and PTSD (P<0.05). Working at COVID-19 front- and second-line hospitals were similarly linked to higher insomnia and PTSD levels (P<0.05). Also, working in COVID-19 wards or non-clinical settings was associated with anxiety and depression (P<0.05). Conclusion(s): Most of the HCWs in this study may experience mental difficulties. Some factors may increase their risk of experiencing these difficulties. Hence, in the crisis era, mental health monitoring and identification of groups with predisposing factors are required to provide appropriate care as quickly as feasible.Copyright © 2023 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background: WHO declared COVID 19 as a global pandemic in March 2020. Lockdown and travel restrictions were imposed in most countries including India, to reduce the spread of SARS-COV-2 Virus and reduce mortality. Aftermath of this was that technology has become the only tool for people to interact, communicate and even to continue their responsibilities. Educational institutions including Medical colleges were closed globally, pedagogical innovations including technology and simulation based teaching were brought to the forefront during the current pandemic worldwide. This lead to excessive exposure to digital screen for any reason, be it for education or entertainment. Aim & Objective: To estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome and to identify whether medical undergraduates suffered from sleep disorder like insomnia during Covid -19 pandemic as well as to assess the relationship between insomnia and computer vision syndrome in these students. Method(s): Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on medical undergraduates with Questionnaires based on Google form. The survey instruments were Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) to assess the frequency of (i) symptoms of computer vision syndrome/ digital eye strain, pattern of computer usage and (ii) Insomnia severity index questionnaire including the demographic details of the participants. Result(s): The study shows that e-learning by medical undergraduates during the COVID 19 pandemic has given rise to various side effects leading to deterioration of their health parameters. Most common effects were both ocular as well as non-ocular symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Even clinical insomnia of moderate severity was reported by 70% of the participants. Conclusion(s): Health issues related to excessive use of digital devices has become alarmingly high during COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive measures to reduce Computer vision syndrome associated symptoms and Insomnia should also be imparted to the students. There is also an urgent need to make an institutional policy involving all stakeholders to formulate effective strategies to prevent young generation from the detrimental health effects of excessive digitalization during the pandemic.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: COVID-19 has killed more than 5 millions people worldwide. The effects on mental health are also significant, especially among healthcare personnel. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and the factors of sleep disorders on healthcare workers. Method Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study including 87 healthcare workers during February 2022, using an anonymous online questionnaire containing personal data, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Result(s): The average age was 31.71 +/- 5.93 years. Sex ratio was 1.04. The participants were doctors (69.6%) and paramedical staff (30.4%), 23.2% of them had comorbidities: cardiovascular pathologies (27.2%), respiratory pathologies (24.7%) psychiatric pathologies (18.1%), neurological pathologies (13.9%) and immunodeppression (11.2%). 86.3% were working in the public sector. 62.3% had worked in a COVID-19 unit. Severe clinical insomnia was found in 9.7% and moderate severity clinical insomnia in 13.1%. For the PSQI, 41.5% had an overall score>5, which is an indicator of sleep disorders. A sleep latency>30 minutes was observed (22%), nocturnal awakenings (15.9%), a feeling of fatigue at work (61%) and difficulty concentrating was reported in 38%. For behavioral disorders during sleep, participants had nightmares (35.2%), sleep paralysis (17.7%), sleep talking (10.9%), bruxism (1%) and somnombulism (1.2%). Sleep disorders were correlated with the presence of newborns or infants at home (p=0.001), the number of shifts and working hours per week (p=0.034) and the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): Sleep disorders among caregivers are quite common, long-term follow-up for better prevention and management is necessary.
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Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with the staff of Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital. A total of 170 people were reached for the research. The data collected by the on-line survey method consisted of demographic questions, questions about behavior change due to COVID-19, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Result(s): It was found that 72.9% of the healthcare professionals had anxiety, 83.5% had depression, and 87.1% had sleep problems. The total score of the GAD-7 scale was found to be significantly higher in those who used personal protective equipment (p=0.021) and those who received infection training (p<0.001). The PHQ-9 scale total score was higher in those 35 years of age and older (p=0.019) and college graduates (p=0.023). The total score of the insomnia severity scale (ISI) was significantly higher in individuals aged 35 years and older (p=0.040), in college graduates (p=0.049), and single/divorced (p=0.009). A significant difference was found between gender, occupation, smoking, fear of infection, burnout status, and total scores on all three scales (p<0.05). Discussion(s): Healthcare professionals were found to have high levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia problems were higher in women, health technicians, smokers, those with fear of infection, and those with burnout.Copyright © 2022, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Background: A spectrum of long-term COVID19 effects have been reported. Much less data areavailable about how COVID19 will affect sleep over time in recovered patients. We Assessed the long-term impact of COVID 19 infection on sleep. Methodology:A prospective cohort study including 84 Tunisian COVID19 patients discharged fromhospital. Patients were asked about the period before SARS COV2 related hospital stay, and the 6-9 month-period after hospital discharge, using several self- reported evaluation scales (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inde, the Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire). Result(s): The mean age was 57,59 years with 46 men and 38 women. As compared with baseline statue of patients, all assessed outcomes were significantly impaired (VAS pain: 1,71+/-1,1 Vs 3,8+/-2,84;PSQI: 3,25+/-2,4 VS 6,39+/-4,73;ESS: 1,94+/-2,44 VS 3,59+/-4,53;ISI: 1,95+/-2,76 VS 6,07+/-5,96, and PHQ-9: 1,45+/-2,74 VS 7,47 +/- 6,61;p=0.0001). The percentage of poor sleepers (PSQI global score higher than 5) and patients with insomnia had significantly increased from 15,5% to 48,8% and from 1,2 to 11%, respectively (p=0.0001). The percentage of patients experiencingdepression symptoms has also doubled (25% to 58,3%), while severe pain was reported by more than one out of five patients against only 1,2% at baseline. The post-COVID -19 PSQI was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0,328, p=0,003);the post-COVID-19 VAS pain (r=0,479, p=0,0001) as well as the post-COVID-19 PHQ-9 scale (r=0,712, p=0,0001). Conclusion(s): Sleep disturbances, depression symptoms as well as chronic pain are highly prevalent in long-term follow-up period in hospitalized COVID19 survivors therefore,they should be systematically screened.
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INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers (HCWs), at the heart of the unparalleled crisis of COVID-19, face challenges treating patients with COVID-19 . The psychological burden and overall wellness of HCWs has received heightened awareness showing high rates of burnout, psychological stress, and suicide. HCWs experience emotional exhaustion, which may lead to medical errors, lack of empathy in treating patients, lower productivity, and higher turnover rates. AIM To determine the impact of COVID-19 on HCWs including (Consultants, Postgraduate students-both medical and naturopathy, Interns and Nursing staff) and to identify the potential risk factors . METHOD A web based cross-sectional study done in SDM, Dharwad was done among 50 participants to identify the main mental health outcomes that include Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia and Distress using Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale , Insomnia severity index and The impact of event scale-revised. RESULT Out of 50 participants , 38(76%) were in age group of 26-30 years,31 (62%) were females and 28(56%) were Post graduates,10 (20%) Interns and 10(24%) Nursing staff. This study found that mod-severe GAD was seen in 6 % participants,2 % had high PTSD & mod-severe Depression was seen in 3 (6%) & 1(2%) had mod Insomnia CONCLUSION It is thus very important to assess the prevalence of psychological manifestations in the HCWs and help them to adequately cope with stressors to function adequately.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the caffeine consumption habits and insomnia and anxiety levels of the personnel working in the contact tracing teams in the COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal their relationship with each other and with cardiac symptoms. Design and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of the personnel working in contact tracing teams affiliated with a provincial health directorate. Data were collected with online questionnaire forms. There are questions intended for the descriptive characteristics, caffeine consumption habits, and cardiac symptoms of the participants, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Insomnia Severity Index in the questionnaire form consisting of three parts. Result(s): Mild anxiety was detected in 12.0% of the participants, and medium and severe anxiety in 23.6%. The insomnia rate in the participants was found to be 35.6%. A positive correlation was detected between the anxiety scores of the participants and insomnia scores and the number of cardiac symptoms;as their daily caffeine consumption increased, the anxiety, insomnia, and the number of cardiac symptoms increased as well. Practice Implications: Psychological support for healthcare professionals like the contact tracing team working with infected patients in the pandemic period must be ready to be given when necessary.Copyright © 2022 Mattioli 1885. All rights reserved.
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Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep quality, insomnia, mental health and memory in the United States. Method(s): This was a cross-sectional study using publicly available database taken from Boston College COVID-19 Sleep and Well-Being Dataset. Result(s): A total of 476 subjects were included in the analysis, with a mean (SD) age of 38.8 (17.8) years. The population had a mean (SD) score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI of 6 (3.2), with 65% having the prevalence of poor sleep quality (defined as PSQ >= 5;n=311). The mean (SD) score for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was 6.9 (5.2), with 55 subjects (11.5%) had clinical insomnia (defined as ISI >= 15);of whom 9% had clinical severe insomnia. There were positive correlations between PSQI and ISI (r=0.76, p < 0.001;Figure 1), PROMIS fatigue scale (r=0.53, p<0.001), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (r= 0.46, p<0.001), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (r=0.44, p<0.001). PSQI was inversely correlated to John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHACS) and memory scale. In the multivariate regression model, JHACS, ISI, fatigue, PSS, and GAD-7 were significant predictors for PSQI, and these variables accounted for 62% of the variance of PSQI. Conclusion(s): There was a high prevalence of poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it was in association with insomnia and other mental and physical well-being. This finding highlights the need to prioritize policy and public health efforts to address sleep issues, which have substantial health and economic effects for both individuals and the population at large.
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Objective: This study aimed to establish the prevalence and to identify predictors of insomnia, nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in wildfire survivors. Method(s): A total of 126 (23 males, 102 females, and 1 nonbinary individual, Mage = 52 years, SD = 14.4) wildfire survivors from Australia, Canada and the USA took part in an online survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures including: The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI). Result(s): Results showed that 49.2% of the sample reported clinical insomnia on the ISI, 28.7% reported nightmares on the DDNSI, and 77.88% reported PTSD symptoms on the PCL-5. Fear for life of others (Pearson's r = .40, .21, .31), and the impact of smoke (Pearson's r, .47, .25,.41) significantly correlated with insomnia, nightmares and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Hierarchical regression showed that smoke was a significant predictor of insomnia (beta = .17, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.15 - 1.49), and insomnia predicted both of PTSD (beta = .27, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.26 - 1.05), and nightmares (beta = .19, p = .04, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.45) scores. Conclusion(s): Insomnia, nightmares and PTSD are highly prevalent in wildfire survivors. Smoke, one of the trauma-related factors, was found to be as a significant predictor of insomnia;and insomnia was a significant predictor of both PTSD and nightmares. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish which disorder emerges first as a result of smoke.Copyright © 2022
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Introduction: Nursing and midwifery staff members are at high risk of mental disorders. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are commonly reported symptoms among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chronic insomnia leads to lower quality of life, worse professional performance and deterioration of cognitive function. Moreover, it increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods: The study included 235 nurses (n =133) and midwives (n =102). The diagnostic methods included a descriptive and demographic questionnaire, The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The study was conducted using an online survey. Results: There are no statistically significant intergroup differences in terms of mental state, sleep quality and the insomnia level in the groups of nurses and midwives. 9% of subjects used psychological support and revealed lower assessment of their mental health, poorer sleep quality and the higher insomnia rate. The stable mental health of nurses and midwives positively correlated with the sleep quality and negatively with the insomnia level. 63% of study participants assessed their sleep quality as low. The symptoms of clinical insomnia were present in 35% of subjects. Conclusions: Insomnia is a serious health problem for nursing and midwifery staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of preventive programmes focused on medical workers' mental health should be a priority in prevention of long-term consequences of sleep problems and insomnia.
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The COVID-19 Pandemic necessitates strict lockdowns worldwide to prevent its spread, which has hurt people's lives, including students, on a physical, economic, and emotional level. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of sleep and the prevalence of insomnia among college students in Chennai. Using a random sampling approach, collegiate students (n=450) are invited to complete Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Frequencies, unpaired T-test, and the chi-square test were the statistical techniques employed to assess the data. The findings imply that 48% of students experienced poor sleep quality, and 37% reported Subthreshold insomnia during the COVID-19 lockdown. Even though no gender difference was observed regarding the overall sleep quality and insomnia scores, there is a significant association observed between gender with sleep quality;however, those failed to show a significant association with insomnia. Thus, the study concluded that the lockdown has affected sleep quality and led to insomnia among college students. Copyright This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). Published by Oriental Scientific Publishing Company © 2022.
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Background: India has been badly affected by Covid-19 not only in terms of human lives but also has a long-term effect on mental health of the population. This paper is an attempt to understand the psychological effects of the pandemic on the college and university students in India after the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak and its associated factors. Method: A web-based survey was conducted to collect information from the students both at individual and household level. The study applied binary and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted marginal effects of the predictor variables. Result: Results show a significant increase in mental health concerns during the second wave of the pandemic, as compared to the first year. The key factors contributing to the higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress are the difficulties faced in the adaptation to the new way of learning, fear of discontinuation of education due to financial constraints faced by household, limited physical interaction, and prolonged screen-time during the pandemic. Limitation: The study has some limitations regarding selection of the sample as the survey was web-based. Also, the mental health situation of the students is self-reported and the study does not consider the prevailing mental health issues before the pandemic. Conclusion: The study recommends initiatives like offering counselling classes and strategies to cope up with mental health disorders. Further, there is a need to conduct follow-up studies to assess the long-term impacts of prolonged home quarantine on the mental health of the students.
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Attentional bias to sleep-related information is thought to be a core feature for developing and/or maintaining insomnia. This study used a hallmark measure of attentional bias, the dot-probe task, to determine whether this bias toward sleep-related stimuli was a function of the severity of insomnia symptoms. A sample of 231 volunteers (175 females; mean age of 26.91 ± 8.05 years) participated in this online study, filling out the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and performing a visual dot-probe task. After categorizing individuals based on the ISI score into normal, subclinical, and moderate/severe sleep groups, we only found a marginally significant interaction between sleep groups and the type of stimuli on RTs, suggesting that subclinical and moderate/severe sleep groups reported slower RTs for sleep-related words than for neutral words. When we calculated the attentional bias score (ABS), we found that ABS significantly differed from zero in the moderate/severe sleep group only, suggesting a disengagement for sleep-related information as a function of the severity of insomnia symptoms. This finding seems to suggest that insomnia is related to greater difficulties in shifting away from sleep-related stimuli.
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Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 infection became a worldwide devastating health issue starting in December 2019 in China and then gradually was a global pandemic. PTSD after recovery from COVID-19 has been correlated to sleep problems, high anxiety level and depressive manifestations. These sleep problems have their drastic effect on the recovered patients' quality of life including physical, psychological and social domains. Objective(s): 1-To investigate the sleep in the post Coronavirus -19 period 2-If has an impact on the different items of patients' quality of life. Method(s): 1-Socio-demographic characteristics of 500 recovered COVID-19 patients 2-Insomnia Severity index a brief scale evaluating the patient's insomnia. The ISI evaluates the subjective complaints and results of insomnia as well as the level of dysfunctions from these sleep disturbances 3-Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI):The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a scale that study the subjective sleep quality and different domains of sleep over a period of 1-month 4-Quality Of Life (QOL) by the SF36 Health Survey is a 36-item -report survey that evaluate eight domains of physical and mental wellbeing ranging from 0 to 100. Result(s): The mean score of insomnia severity index was 13.01+/-4.9. Regarding Pittsburgh sleep quality index , Sum of seven component scores was 15.37+/-4.43.Also QOL SF36 showed higher scores of the 8 domains including physical and mental Conclusion(s): High score of insomnia and sleep disturbances during the recovery period of COVID-19 infection which affecting the Quality Of Life.
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Objectives/Introduction: The nature of work among healthcare workers (HCW) puts them at risk for insomnia, anxiety and depression. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis since they are required on the frontlines and consistently working under duress. The study aims at identifying insomnia, anxiety, and depression rate among Quebec HCW and to test whether the presence of insomnia during the first wave increases the risk of having anxiety or depression at the second one. Method(s): A sample of 891 HCW (Mdnage = 35;87.7% women) took part in a large survey called MAVIPAN (my life during the pandemic). Among them, 791 completed online versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index at time 1 (April-July 2020). From those 791 participants, 455 answered the same questionnaires at time 2 (October 2020) during the second pandemic wave. Result(s): At time 1, 10.6% of HCW reported mild to severe depression, 7.8% reported mild to severe anxiety, while 48.2% reported mild to severe insomnia. These percentages were stable at time 2 (13.2%, 9.7%, and 47.7%, respectively). At time 1 and 2, around 35% of HCW reported having insomnia only (without depression and anxiety). At time 1, if HCW reported having insomnia, they were 4.76 more at risk of also having depression (18.1% vs 3.8%;p < 0.0001) or 7.37 more at risk of also having anxiety (14.0% vs 1.9%;p < 0.0001). At time 2, if they reported having insomnia, the relative risk of having depression or anxiety were 3.39 and 3.02, respectively. HCW reporting insomnia at time 1 were two times more at risk of having anxiety at time 2 (12.8% vs 6.4%;p = 0.03), while reporting insomnia at time 1 did not increase the risk of depression at time 2 (p = 0.26). Conclusion(s): Insomnia is a highly prevalent condition in HCW during the COVID pandemic. Moreover, when present, it increases the chance of having anxiety in the near future. Improving HCW's sleep should be a target in improving their mental health. Since a large proportion of HCW works on atypical work schedules, further analyses will take work schedules into consideration.